PhytophthoraV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 001676

Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants.

Identifieur interne : 001676 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001675; suivant : 001677

Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants.

Auteurs : Eleanor M. Gilroy [Royaume-Uni] ; Susan Breen ; Stephen C. Whisson ; Julie Squires ; Ingo Hein ; Maciej Kaczmarek ; Dionne Turnbull ; Petra C. Boevink ; Anoma Lokossou ; Liliana M. Cano ; Juan Morales ; Anna O. Avrova ; Leighton Pritchard ; Eva Randall ; Alison Lees ; Francine Govers ; Pieter Van West ; Sophien Kamoun ; Vivianne G A A. Vleeshouwers ; David E L. Cooke ; Paul R J. Birch

Source :

The New phytologist [ 1469-8137 ] ; 2011.

RBID : pubmed:21539575

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Amino Acid Sequence (MeSH), Chromosome Mapping (MeSH), Cloning, Molecular (MeSH), Gene Expression Regulation (MeSH), Genes, Dominant (genetics), Genes, Plant (genetics), Molecular Sequence Data (MeSH), Phytophthora infestans (genetics), Phytophthora infestans (immunology), Phytophthora infestans (pathogenicity), Plant Diseases (immunology), Plant Diseases (microbiology), Plant Immunity (genetics), Plant Leaves (genetics), Plant Leaves (immunology), Plant Leaves (microbiology), Plant Leaves (physiology), Polymorphism, Genetic (genetics), Protein Structure, Tertiary (MeSH), Proteins (genetics), Proteins (metabolism), Solanum (genetics), Solanum tuberosum (genetics), Solanum tuberosum (immunology), Solanum tuberosum (microbiology), Solanum tuberosum (physiology), Virulence (genetics), Virulence Factors (genetics), Virulence Factors (metabolism).
MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Proteins, Virulence Factors.
- genetics : Genes, Dominant, Genes, Plant, Phytophthora infestans, Plant Immunity, Plant Leaves, Polymorphism, Genetic, Solanum, Solanum tuberosum, Virulence.
- immunology : Phytophthora infestans, Plant Diseases, Plant Leaves, Solanum tuberosum.
- chemical , metabolism : Proteins, Virulence Factors.
- microbiology : Plant Diseases, Plant Leaves, Solanum tuberosum.
- pathogenicity : Phytophthora infestans.
- physiology : Plant Leaves, Solanum tuberosum.
- Amino Acid Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Cloning, Molecular, Gene Expression Regulation, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Structure, Tertiary.

Abstract

• A detailed molecular understanding of how oomycete plant pathogens evade disease resistance is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (R) genes. • Map-based cloning, transient expression in planta, pathogen transformation and DNA sequence variation across diverse isolates were used to identify and characterize PiAVR2 from potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. • PiAVR2 is an RXLR-EER effector that is up-regulated during infection, accumulates at the site of haustoria formation, and is recognized inside host cells by potato protein R2. Expression of PiAVR2 in a virulent P. infestans isolate conveys a gain-of-avirulence phenotype, indicating that this is a dominant gene triggering R2-dependent disease resistance. PiAVR2 presence/absence polymorphisms and differential transcription explain virulence on R2 plants. Isolates infecting R2 plants express PiAVR2-like, which evades recognition by R2. PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like differ in 13 amino acids, eight of which are in the C-terminal effector domain; one or more of these determines recognition by R2. Nevertheless, few polymorphisms were observed within each gene in pathogen isolates, suggesting limited selection pressure for change within PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like. • Our results direct a search for R genes recognizing PiAVR2-like, which, deployed with R2, may exert strong selection pressure against the P. infestans population.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x
PubMed: 21539575

Affiliations:

Royaume-Uni

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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>Dundee DD2 5DA</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Breen, Susan" sort="Breen, Susan" uniqKey="Breen S" first="Susan" last="Breen">Susan Breen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Whisson, Stephen C" sort="Whisson, Stephen C" uniqKey="Whisson S" first="Stephen C" last="Whisson">Stephen C. Whisson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Squires, Julie" sort="Squires, Julie" uniqKey="Squires J" first="Julie" last="Squires">Julie Squires</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hein, Ingo" sort="Hein, Ingo" uniqKey="Hein I" first="Ingo" last="Hein">Ingo Hein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaczmarek, Maciej" sort="Kaczmarek, Maciej" uniqKey="Kaczmarek M" first="Maciej" last="Kaczmarek">Maciej Kaczmarek</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Turnbull, Dionne" sort="Turnbull, Dionne" uniqKey="Turnbull D" first="Dionne" last="Turnbull">Dionne Turnbull</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boevink, Petra C" sort="Boevink, Petra C" uniqKey="Boevink P" first="Petra C" last="Boevink">Petra C. Boevink</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lokossou, Anoma" sort="Lokossou, Anoma" uniqKey="Lokossou A" first="Anoma" last="Lokossou">Anoma Lokossou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cano, Liliana M" sort="Cano, Liliana M" uniqKey="Cano L" first="Liliana M" last="Cano">Liliana M. Cano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morales, Juan" sort="Morales, Juan" uniqKey="Morales J" first="Juan" last="Morales">Juan Morales</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Avrova, Anna O" sort="Avrova, Anna O" uniqKey="Avrova A" first="Anna O" last="Avrova">Anna O. Avrova</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pritchard, Leighton" sort="Pritchard, Leighton" uniqKey="Pritchard L" first="Leighton" last="Pritchard">Leighton Pritchard</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Randall, Eva" sort="Randall, Eva" uniqKey="Randall E" first="Eva" last="Randall">Eva Randall</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lees, Alison" sort="Lees, Alison" uniqKey="Lees A" first="Alison" last="Lees">Alison Lees</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Govers, Francine" sort="Govers, Francine" uniqKey="Govers F" first="Francine" last="Govers">Francine Govers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van West, Pieter" sort="Van West, Pieter" uniqKey="Van West P" first="Pieter" last="Van West">Pieter Van West</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vleeshouwers, Vivianne G A A" sort="Vleeshouwers, Vivianne G A A" uniqKey="Vleeshouwers V" first="Vivianne G A A" last="Vleeshouwers">Vivianne G A A. Vleeshouwers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooke, David E L" sort="Cooke, David E L" uniqKey="Cooke D" first="David E L" last="Cooke">David E L. Cooke</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Birch, Paul R J" sort="Birch, Paul R J" uniqKey="Birch P" first="Paul R J" last="Birch">Paul R J. Birch</name>
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<series><title level="j">The New phytologist</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1469-8137</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011" type="published">2011</date>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Chromosome Mapping (MeSH)</term>
<term>Cloning, Molecular (MeSH)</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Genes, Dominant (genetics)</term>
<term>Genes, Plant (genetics)</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Data (MeSH)</term>
<term>Phytophthora infestans (genetics)</term>
<term>Phytophthora infestans (immunology)</term>
<term>Phytophthora infestans (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>Plant Diseases (immunology)</term>
<term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term>
<term>Plant Immunity (genetics)</term>
<term>Plant Leaves (genetics)</term>
<term>Plant Leaves (immunology)</term>
<term>Plant Leaves (microbiology)</term>
<term>Plant Leaves (physiology)</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Genetic (genetics)</term>
<term>Protein Structure, Tertiary (MeSH)</term>
<term>Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Proteins (metabolism)</term>
<term>Solanum (genetics)</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum (genetics)</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum (immunology)</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum (microbiology)</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum (physiology)</term>
<term>Virulence (genetics)</term>
<term>Virulence Factors (genetics)</term>
<term>Virulence Factors (metabolism)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cartographie chromosomique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Clonage moléculaire (MeSH)</term>
<term>Données de séquences moléculaires (MeSH)</term>
<term>Facteurs de virulence (génétique)</term>
<term>Facteurs de virulence (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Feuilles de plante (génétique)</term>
<term>Feuilles de plante (immunologie)</term>
<term>Feuilles de plante (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Feuilles de plante (physiologie)</term>
<term>Gènes de plante (génétique)</term>
<term>Gènes dominants (génétique)</term>
<term>Immunité des plantes (génétique)</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes (immunologie)</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Phytophthora infestans (génétique)</term>
<term>Phytophthora infestans (immunologie)</term>
<term>Phytophthora infestans (pathogénicité)</term>
<term>Polymorphisme génétique (génétique)</term>
<term>Protéines (génétique)</term>
<term>Protéines (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes (MeSH)</term>
<term>Solanum (génétique)</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum (génétique)</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum (immunologie)</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum (physiologie)</term>
<term>Structure tertiaire des protéines (MeSH)</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés (MeSH)</term>
<term>Virulence (génétique)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Proteins</term>
<term>Virulence Factors</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Genes, Dominant</term>
<term>Genes, Plant</term>
<term>Phytophthora infestans</term>
<term>Plant Immunity</term>
<term>Plant Leaves</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Genetic</term>
<term>Solanum</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum</term>
<term>Virulence</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteurs de virulence</term>
<term>Feuilles de plante</term>
<term>Gènes de plante</term>
<term>Gènes dominants</term>
<term>Immunité des plantes</term>
<term>Phytophthora infestans</term>
<term>Polymorphisme génétique</term>
<term>Protéines</term>
<term>Solanum</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum</term>
<term>Virulence</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Feuilles de plante</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes</term>
<term>Phytophthora infestans</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term>
<term>Plant Diseases</term>
<term>Plant Leaves</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Proteins</term>
<term>Virulence Factors</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Feuilles de plante</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term>
<term>Plant Leaves</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteurs de virulence</term>
<term>Protéines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Feuilles de plante</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Leaves</term>
<term>Solanum tuberosum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term>
<term>Chromosome Mapping</term>
<term>Cloning, Molecular</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Data</term>
<term>Protein Structure, Tertiary</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cartographie chromosomique</term>
<term>Clonage moléculaire</term>
<term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term>
<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes</term>
<term>Structure tertiaire des protéines</term>
<term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">• A detailed molecular understanding of how oomycete plant pathogens evade disease resistance is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (R) genes. • Map-based cloning, transient expression in planta, pathogen transformation and DNA sequence variation across diverse isolates were used to identify and characterize PiAVR2 from potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. • PiAVR2 is an RXLR-EER effector that is up-regulated during infection, accumulates at the site of haustoria formation, and is recognized inside host cells by potato protein R2. Expression of PiAVR2 in a virulent P. infestans isolate conveys a gain-of-avirulence phenotype, indicating that this is a dominant gene triggering R2-dependent disease resistance. PiAVR2 presence/absence polymorphisms and differential transcription explain virulence on R2 plants. Isolates infecting R2 plants express PiAVR2-like, which evades recognition by R2. PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like differ in 13 amino acids, eight of which are in the C-terminal effector domain; one or more of these determines recognition by R2. Nevertheless, few polymorphisms were observed within each gene in pathogen isolates, suggesting limited selection pressure for change within PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like. • Our results direct a search for R genes recognizing PiAVR2-like, which, deployed with R2, may exert strong selection pressure against the P. infestans population.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<DateCompleted><Year>2013</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>27</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
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<Issue>3</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2011</Year>
<Month>Aug</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>The New phytologist</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>New Phytol</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants.</ArticleTitle>
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<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>• A detailed molecular understanding of how oomycete plant pathogens evade disease resistance is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (R) genes. • Map-based cloning, transient expression in planta, pathogen transformation and DNA sequence variation across diverse isolates were used to identify and characterize PiAVR2 from potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. • PiAVR2 is an RXLR-EER effector that is up-regulated during infection, accumulates at the site of haustoria formation, and is recognized inside host cells by potato protein R2. Expression of PiAVR2 in a virulent P. infestans isolate conveys a gain-of-avirulence phenotype, indicating that this is a dominant gene triggering R2-dependent disease resistance. PiAVR2 presence/absence polymorphisms and differential transcription explain virulence on R2 plants. Isolates infecting R2 plants express PiAVR2-like, which evades recognition by R2. PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like differ in 13 amino acids, eight of which are in the C-terminal effector domain; one or more of these determines recognition by R2. Nevertheless, few polymorphisms were observed within each gene in pathogen isolates, suggesting limited selection pressure for change within PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like. • Our results direct a search for R genes recognizing PiAVR2-like, which, deployed with R2, may exert strong selection pressure against the P. infestans population.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>© 2011 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2011 New Phytologist Trust.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gilroy</LastName>
<ForeName>Eleanor M</ForeName>
<Initials>EM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Pathology, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Breen</LastName>
<ForeName>Susan</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Whisson</LastName>
<ForeName>Stephen C</ForeName>
<Initials>SC</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Squires</LastName>
<ForeName>Julie</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hein</LastName>
<ForeName>Ingo</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaczmarek</LastName>
<ForeName>Maciej</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Turnbull</LastName>
<ForeName>Dionne</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boevink</LastName>
<ForeName>Petra C</ForeName>
<Initials>PC</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lokossou</LastName>
<ForeName>Anoma</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cano</LastName>
<ForeName>Liliana M</ForeName>
<Initials>LM</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morales</LastName>
<ForeName>Juan</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Avrova</LastName>
<ForeName>Anna O</ForeName>
<Initials>AO</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pritchard</LastName>
<ForeName>Leighton</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Randall</LastName>
<ForeName>Eva</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lees</LastName>
<ForeName>Alison</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Govers</LastName>
<ForeName>Francine</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van West</LastName>
<ForeName>Pieter</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kamoun</LastName>
<ForeName>Sophien</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vleeshouwers</LastName>
<ForeName>Vivianne G A A</ForeName>
<Initials>VG</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cooke</LastName>
<ForeName>David E L</ForeName>
<Initials>DE</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Birch</LastName>
<ForeName>Paul R J</ForeName>
<Initials>PR</Initials>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>BB/E006795/1</GrantID>
<Agency>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</Agency>
<Country>United Kingdom</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>BB/E007120/1</GrantID>
<Agency>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</Agency>
<Country>United Kingdom</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>BB/G015244/1</GrantID>
<Agency>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</Agency>
<Country>United Kingdom</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2011</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>New Phytol</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>9882884</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0028-646X</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D011506">Proteins</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D037521">Virulence Factors</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000595" MajorTopicYN="N">Amino Acid Sequence</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002874" MajorTopicYN="N">Chromosome Mapping</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003001" MajorTopicYN="N">Cloning, Molecular</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005786" MajorTopicYN="N">Gene Expression Regulation</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005799" MajorTopicYN="N">Genes, Dominant</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017343" MajorTopicYN="N">Genes, Plant</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008969" MajorTopicYN="N">Molecular Sequence Data</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055750" MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora infestans</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010935" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Diseases</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D057865" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Immunity</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018515" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Leaves</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011110" MajorTopicYN="N">Polymorphism, Genetic</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017434" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Structure, Tertiary</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011506" MajorTopicYN="N">Proteins</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032322" MajorTopicYN="N">Solanum</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011198" MajorTopicYN="N">Solanum tuberosum</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014774" MajorTopicYN="N">Virulence</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D037521" MajorTopicYN="N">Virulence Factors</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2011</Year>
<Month>5</Month>
<Day>5</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2011</Year>
<Month>5</Month>
<Day>5</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2013</Year>
<Month>6</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21539575</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03736.x</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Avrova, Anna O" sort="Avrova, Anna O" uniqKey="Avrova A" first="Anna O" last="Avrova">Anna O. Avrova</name>
<name sortKey="Birch, Paul R J" sort="Birch, Paul R J" uniqKey="Birch P" first="Paul R J" last="Birch">Paul R J. Birch</name>
<name sortKey="Boevink, Petra C" sort="Boevink, Petra C" uniqKey="Boevink P" first="Petra C" last="Boevink">Petra C. Boevink</name>
<name sortKey="Breen, Susan" sort="Breen, Susan" uniqKey="Breen S" first="Susan" last="Breen">Susan Breen</name>
<name sortKey="Cano, Liliana M" sort="Cano, Liliana M" uniqKey="Cano L" first="Liliana M" last="Cano">Liliana M. Cano</name>
<name sortKey="Cooke, David E L" sort="Cooke, David E L" uniqKey="Cooke D" first="David E L" last="Cooke">David E L. Cooke</name>
<name sortKey="Govers, Francine" sort="Govers, Francine" uniqKey="Govers F" first="Francine" last="Govers">Francine Govers</name>
<name sortKey="Hein, Ingo" sort="Hein, Ingo" uniqKey="Hein I" first="Ingo" last="Hein">Ingo Hein</name>
<name sortKey="Kaczmarek, Maciej" sort="Kaczmarek, Maciej" uniqKey="Kaczmarek M" first="Maciej" last="Kaczmarek">Maciej Kaczmarek</name>
<name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name>
<name sortKey="Lees, Alison" sort="Lees, Alison" uniqKey="Lees A" first="Alison" last="Lees">Alison Lees</name>
<name sortKey="Lokossou, Anoma" sort="Lokossou, Anoma" uniqKey="Lokossou A" first="Anoma" last="Lokossou">Anoma Lokossou</name>
<name sortKey="Morales, Juan" sort="Morales, Juan" uniqKey="Morales J" first="Juan" last="Morales">Juan Morales</name>
<name sortKey="Pritchard, Leighton" sort="Pritchard, Leighton" uniqKey="Pritchard L" first="Leighton" last="Pritchard">Leighton Pritchard</name>
<name sortKey="Randall, Eva" sort="Randall, Eva" uniqKey="Randall E" first="Eva" last="Randall">Eva Randall</name>
<name sortKey="Squires, Julie" sort="Squires, Julie" uniqKey="Squires J" first="Julie" last="Squires">Julie Squires</name>
<name sortKey="Turnbull, Dionne" sort="Turnbull, Dionne" uniqKey="Turnbull D" first="Dionne" last="Turnbull">Dionne Turnbull</name>
<name sortKey="Van West, Pieter" sort="Van West, Pieter" uniqKey="Van West P" first="Pieter" last="Van West">Pieter Van West</name>
<name sortKey="Vleeshouwers, Vivianne G A A" sort="Vleeshouwers, Vivianne G A A" uniqKey="Vleeshouwers V" first="Vivianne G A A" last="Vleeshouwers">Vivianne G A A. Vleeshouwers</name>
<name sortKey="Whisson, Stephen C" sort="Whisson, Stephen C" uniqKey="Whisson S" first="Stephen C" last="Whisson">Stephen C. Whisson</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gilroy, Eleanor M" sort="Gilroy, Eleanor M" uniqKey="Gilroy E" first="Eleanor M" last="Gilroy">Eleanor M. Gilroy</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants.

Presence/absence, differential expression and sequence polymorphisms between PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like in Phytophthora infestans determine virulence on R2 plants.

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